WHAT IS THE COMPONENT IN THE BLOOD?

Blood Component

Hello! For today's blog, we will be talking about our blood components. Blood is a specialized body fluid. It is one of the connective tissue. The average volume of blood is 5 liter. Our blood is composed of 55% plasma and 45% of cell part. This important special fluid in our body is carried in blood vessels mainly arteries and veins. Our blood contain four main parts:

Red Blood Cell ( Erythrocytes)
White Blood Cell (Leukocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Plasma
Let's discuss all of this, shall we?
Erythrocytes

- Erythrocytes or better known as red blood cell is a biconcave disc shape cell containing haemoglobin.
- The biconcave disc-shape is to increase the surface area to allow diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide and the haemoglobin is to allow binding of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
- Red blood cell does not have a nucleus
- It is highly elastic to be able squeeze through capillary walls bigger than itself
- The lifespan of erythrocytes is only for 120 days. The destruction occurs in the spleen and liver. Until today, no one knows why does the lifespan is only up until 120 days.
- The function of erythrocytes are:
Carry or provide oxygen to tissues
Partly recovering carbon dioxide produce by tissue to the lungs
Leukocytes

- Better known as white blood cell
- Leukocytes makes up approximately 1% of volume in cells of blood. 
- Major function of leukocytes is defense against infections where its primarily involve in immune response to identify and fights pathogens.
- Morphology of leukocytes;
Have a presence of nuclei
It has no haemoglobin means it is colourless
We can see the morphology of leukocytes clearly based on its types. There are 5 classes of leukocytes:
Neutrophils
Eosinophil
Basophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Neutrophils, Eosinophil and Basophil are granulocytes where it contains granules where as the Monocyte and Lymphocyte are agranulocytes where it is without granules. 
Neutrophil
The nucleus are multilobes! Can you detect it?

- Most abundant in leukocyte
- Smallest size of granulocytes with a diameter of 12 to 15 micrometer
- Neutrophil has a nucleus with 2 to 5 lobes or known as multilobes nucleus
- The nucleus are connected by fine  hair-like filaments
- The cytoplasm is transparent that contain numerous pink purple coloured granules.
- Functions of neutrophil:
Fight against bacterial infection and inflammation
It is first responders to bacterial infection
Bone marrow holds a large number of neutrophils in reserve to mobilize in response to combating foreign materials and death of bacteria and cell causing
Did you know?
Immature neutrophils have a band-shaped or horse-shoe shape nucleus and because of that, it is called band cells.
And now you know! 
Eosinophil
The 2 purple lobes are the nucleus. 

- Eosinophil is a specialized cell. 
- Eosinophil is rarely to see in our blood
- The eosinophil has 2 nucleus makes it a bilobed nucleus
- The cytoplasm is full with huge pink granules approximately about 200 of these. 
Function of eosinophil:
Implicated in numerous inflammatory process, one of it is allergic disorders.
Movement to inflammatory areas
Trapping foreign substances and kill cells
Modulating inflammatory process
Did you know?
A high eosinophil in blood count indicates an allergic reaction. Now you know how you can detect you allergies!
Basophil
The nucleus is quite hard to see. Can you identified where it is?

-Rarest leukocytes with less than 1% in blood
- The nucleus has 2 so it is bilobed nucleus
- The nucleus is hard to see because the nucleus is overlapped with granules
- Cytoplasm is rich in dark purple coloured granules
Function:
Involve in immune responds to parasites
Increase blood flow to area of damage by accumulate at sites of infection and release prostaglandins, serotonin and histamine.
Basophil is produced in bone marrow and migrates to the barrier tissue or skin and mucosa to synthesize and store histamine.
Monocyte
The nucleus has a kidney-shaped like!

- Monocyte is third most common type of white blood cell. 
- Monocyte is the biggest leukocytes 
- Monocyte has a kidney-shaped nucleus and a transparent cytoplasm with ground glass 
appearance
- Monocyte is 12 to 20 micrometer in diameter (twice the size of red blood cell).
Monocyte are crucial in innate immune system. Functions:
Phagocytosis function; bind to the pathogens and presenting them to T cells
Monocyte will circulate in blood for 1 to 3 days before migrating to the tissues to transform to macrophages
Some monocyte will transform to become osteoclasts 
Differentiate populations of macrophages and dendrite cells to regulate homeostasis
Lymphocyte
The nucleus is so big, I can barely recognised the cytoplasm!!

- It is commonly appeared about 20% to 40%
- Lymphocyte is the smallest white blood cell but larger than red blood cell
- Lymphocyte's nucleus is big that it takes up most spaces of cytoplasm
- The cytoplasm is transparent
Lymphocyte has 3 types which are T cells, B cells and natural killer cells. The functions of lymphocyte is according to these types:
T cell: coordinate immune system, defense against intracellular bacteria and kill virus infected cell)
B cell: Make antibodies that binds to bacteria and destroy them
Natural killer cell: kill cells that are infected with virus
Did you know?
B-cells and T-cell will develop in bone marrow but T-cell will matured in Thymus.
Thrombocytes
Have you seen our thrombocyte? Now you have!

- Better known as platelets
- It is a small cell from precursor megakaryocytes which derived from stem cells in bone marrow
- Thrombocytes does not have nucleus and its shape is in oval shape
- The life span of thrombocytes is only 8 to 12 days
Functions:
Hemostasis (stopping of blood flow from injury)
Thrombosis
Wound healing
Did you know?
Platelets are not true cells but are instead cell fragments that is produced by megakaryocytes. Platelets also contains adhesive protein which allow to hold the fibrin mesh and vascular endothelium.

Well, that is all from me. Thank you!

By,
Farah Najihah
Reference:
Neutrophil. (n.d.). Neutrophil. Retrieved October 2021, from http://medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/blood_bone_marrow_lab/neutrophil.php 
neutrophil | leukocyte. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/science/neutrophil 
What is an Eosinophil? | Eosinophilic Disorders. (n.d.). Eosinophil. Retrieved October 2021, from https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/c/eosinophilic-disorders/conditions/eosinophil 
Paxton, S. (2003). Blood: The Histology Guide. Histology Guide. Retrieved October 2021, from https://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/blood/blood_wbc.php 
Basophil. (n.d.). Basophil. Retrieved October 2021, from http://medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/blood_bone_marrow_lab/basophil.php 
basophil | blood cell. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/science/basophil 
Espinoza VE, Emmady PD. Histology, Monocytes. [Updated 2021 Apr 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557618/
B. (n.d.-a). Platelets | Boundless Anatomy and Physiology. Boundless Anatomy and Physiology. Retrieved October 2021, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/platelets/ 
Well, 